Water, Energy and Carbon Tradeoffs of Groundwater Irrigation-Based Food Production: Case Studies from Fergana Valley, Central Asia

In arid environments, water shortages due to over-allocation of river flow are often compensated by lift irrigation or pumping groundwater. such farmers using pumped can deploy on-farm energy-efficient and water-saving technologies; however, requiring extra energy is associated with carbon emissions. This study explores how increase crop production minimal The purpose this research twofold: first, examine consumption emissions in gravity groundwater systems; second, explore system-level alternatives power generation management for food based on the results from farm-level analysis. employs a novel approach addressing water, energy, tradeoffs under These assessed at farm system levels. On-farm level estimates showed that interventions were insufficient produce mutual gains. According evaluation, conservation, use renewable pump irrigation, basin scale cooperation all required maintain while reducing